Introduction
M.A. Rekhter, B.A. Rekhter
We have developed a completely new process for formation of a pair of opposites in course of expanding the complementarity principle to chemistry. This has been achieved by including the most specific features of a studied reaction (the model) as the content of the first opposite, along with the directly opposed specific features of an undescribed reaction (the anti-model) as the content of the second opposite. Such a tight connection between the reaction mechanism and the opposite has enabled to reveal some reaction mechanisms, which are hard to discover by another approach. In the field of synthesis, the equation and the mechanism of a reaction are predicted, before conducting any experiments. The indolinedione-indole and quinolone-indole rearrangements have been described. The intermolecular electrophile, nucleophile and radical substitution reaction mechanisms have been complemented by an intermolecular mechanism, the decay of which is not accompanied by breaking of the bonds at the radioactive atom, whereas the atom itself is substituted in the same Position by another radioactive or stable atom. The cooperative method of structure determination for several substances at once has been introduced into praxis. For this purpose a pair of opposites is analyzed, one opposite is an individual complex, for which the elemental composition and the structure determination by physicochemical means is conducted while steadily experimenting with the substance; the second opposite is a chain of radioactive complexes, the structure determination for which begins with the structure determination for the first relatively long-living link and the last long- living (stable) link, and, when their identical structure is discovered, every intermediate link is also provided with the same structure without proving its structure and without experimenting with it directly. Taking into account the complexity and danger of conducting a radioactive decay it has been proposed to use, along with the solids, their Solutions under low temperatures. In case of alpha decay tetrathiafulvalenium (TTV) is taken into work, a π-donor that gives out an electron. The solvents are liquid electron donors with heteroatoms (O, S, P, N etc.) in possession of free electron pairs, such as pyridine, tetrahydrofuran, as well as water, glycerin. They can easily give out the electron, which is taken over by an alpha particle, thus transforming it into helium cation He+. After that, helium is formed: He+ + e = He. But the basic role of the solvents is to reduce energy and speed, and the alpha particle is taken over very easily, as the π-donor tetrathiafulvalene (TTV) is used in excess. In case of ß-decay solvents and other substances with partly positive carbon atoms are used. They decelerate the beta particle thus reducing its energy and speed: chloroform, fluoroform, esters of trifluoroacetic acid. The main role in the taking over of the beta particle plays a π-acceptor — tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and its analogues. The structure of the obtained products can be easily found in publications.
